ResumenSe trata, en esta investigación, de hacer una aproximación moral, política y filosófica al teatro español del Siglo de Oro a través de dos de sus más paradigmáticos creadores: Lope de Vega y Calderón de la Barca. Me apoyo para ello en una definición política de lo trágico que se encuentra arraigada en la tradición greco-latina del género. Se investigará si en las obras analizadas de Lope y Calderón lo trágico aún se encuentra delimitado por lo político, deduciéndose, como se (...) verá, que en Lope tal relación ha desaparecido, mientras que en Calderón se mantiene, pero eliminándose el enfoque dialéctico debido a la afirmación de los códigos del Honor.Palabras claveTragedia española, tradición clásica, estética, teoría de la literatura, literatura comparadaAbstractThis paper is a moral, philosophical and political approach to the theatre of Spanish Golden Age based on a philosophical and political conception of the tragic literature. We focus our attention on two classic authors: Lope de Vega and Calderon de la Barca. A comparative approach between Greek tragedy and the Spanish plays will help us define if the tragic bias is limited by a political aspect in Lope and Calderon. Finally, we intend to deduce that politics have disappeared in Lope´s plays and still exist in Calderon, although not in a dialectical way due to the code of Honour.KeywordsSpanish Tragedy, classical tradition, Aesthetics, Literary Theory, Comparative Literature. (shrink)

Las naciones y pueblos indígenas presentan preocupantes índices respecto a la salud, así como otras carencias como la pérdida de sus tierras, la alimentación, la educación y, en general, el ejercicio de sus derechos, consagrados por organizaciones internacionales como la ONU y la OMS-OPS. En Ecuador, de acuerdo con el orden jurídico constitucional, se han instrumentado políticas de salud que incluyen el lineamiento general de un enfoque intercultural de la atenciónprimaria que incorpora los saberes y prácticas ancestrales. Mediante una revisión (...) documental se examina la situación actual de la salud y la atención primaria entre las etnias indígenas del Ecuador. De este análisis se desprenden consideraciones para las políticas públicas de salud, la formación intercultural de los profesionales de los equipos de salud y, en especial, la articulación de las creencias, saberes y prácticas de la cultura de las etnias para la atención primaria de salud. Palabras Clave: Etnia, nacionalidad indígena, pueblo indígena, derecho a la salud, atención primaria. Referencias [1]Asamblea General de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, «Resolución 48/134 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los pueblos y naciones indígenas,» de Asamblea General Resolución 48/134, New York, 2009. [2]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, «Derechos Humanos y Salud de los pueblos indígenas,» Organización Panamericana de la Salud, New York, 2008. [3]Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Manual para las instituciones nacionales de Derechos Humanos, Nueva York: Alto Comisionado de los Derechos Humanos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, 2013. [4]C. Torres Parodi y M. Bolis, «Evolución del concepto etnia/raza y su impacto en la formulación de políticas públicas para la equidad,» Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, vol. 22, nº 3, pp. 405-414, 2007. [5]IIDH-OPS, «Salud indígena y derechos humanos,» OPS, Quito, 2006. [6]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, «Iniciativa de la Salud para los Pueblos Indígenas. Lineamientos estratégicos. Plan de acción 2003-2007,» Organización Mundial de la Salud, Quito, 2003. [7]Consejo Mundial de las Iglesias, «Segunda Asamblea Mundial de la Salud de los Pueblos,» Consejo Mundial de las Iglesias, Quito, 2005. [8]Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre asuntos indígenas, Instituto de Promoción de Estudios Sociales, Fundación Diversidad, «El Derecho a la Salud de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento y en contacto inicial,» Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Asuntos Indígenas, Quito, 2007. [9]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, «Salud de los pueblos indígenas de las Américas,» OPS, Quito, 1998. [10]Organización Inernacional del Trabajo, «Convenio número 169 de la OIT. sobre pueblos indígenas y tribales: hacia un futuro inclusivo, sostenible y justo.,» OIT, New York, 2019. [11]L. Almeida Vera, «Fundamentación del modelo de gestión intercultural ecuatoriana en la atención primaria desalud,» Medisam, vol. 8, nº 18, pp. 46-61, 2014. [12]Organización Internacional del Trabajo, «Implementación del Convenio núm 169 de la OIT sobre los pueblos indígenas y tribales: Hacia un futuro inclusivo, sostenible y justo,» OIT, New York, 2019. [13]C. Eysaguirre, Proceso de incorporación de la medicina tradicional, alternativa y complementaria en las prácticas oficiales de la salud. Tesis Magister Antropología, Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. [14]Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, «Sobre la salud y la seguridad de los pueblos indígenas en riesgo debido al coronavirus,» FAO, New York, 2020. [15]Enlace Continental de Mujeres Indígenas de las Américas, Alianza de Mujeres Indígenas de Centroamérica y México, Red de Mujeres Indígenas Asiáticas, Organización de Mujeres Indígenas Africanas, «Llamado colectivo de las mujeres indógenas ante el COVID 19. Foro Internacional de Mujeres Indígenas,» ONU, New York, 2020. [16]Laboratorio de interculturalidad FLACSO Ecuador, Etnohistoria de los pueblos y nacionalidades originarias del Ecuador, Quito: FLACSO Ecuador, 2015. [17]UNICEF, Nacionalidades y pueblos indígenas. Políticas interculturales en Ecuador, Quito: UNICEF, 2009. [18]República del Ecuador, «Constitución de la República del Ecuador,» de 2008, Quito, 2008. [19]S. Ramírez Hita, «Políticas de salud basadas en el concepto de multiculturalidad: los centros de salud intercultural en el altiplano boliviano,» Avá Revista de Antropología, vol. 14, nº 2, pp. 1-28, 2009. [20]E. Arteaga, M. San Sebastián y A. Amores, «Construcción participativa de indicadores de la implementación del modelo de salud intercultural en el cantón Loreto, Ecuador,» Saúde em Debate, vol. 36, nº 94, pp. 402-413, 2012. [21]L. Véliz Rojas, A. Bianchetti Saavedra y M. Silva Fernández, «Competencias interculturales en la atención primaria de salud: un desafío para la educación superior frente a contextos de diversidad cultural,» Cuadernos de Saúde Pública, vol. 35, nº 1, pp. 62-71, 2019. [22]C. Walsh, Interculturalidad: Estado, sociedad: luchas decoloniales de nuestra época, Quito: Abya Yala UASB, 2015. [23]E. Ortiz Prado y G. Ceballos Serra, «Marco estratégico para la protección de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento voluntario y contacto inicial. Consultoría sobre situación de salud de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento y contacto inicial en el Ecuador,» Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica, Quito, 2014. [24]J. Betancurt, A. Green, J. Carrillo y Anane-Firempong, «Defining Cultural competence: a practical framework for adressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care,» Public Health, vol. 118, nº 2, pp. 293-302, 2016. [25]R. Ceballos, A. Amores y R. Rojas, Prestación de servicios de salud en zonas con pueblos indígenas, Quito: Programa Regional de Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas, 2009. [26]L. Pereira de Melo, «A contemporaneidade da teoría do cuidado cultural de Madeleine Leininger: una perspectiva geohistórica,» Ensaios e Ciencia: ciencias biológicas, agrarias e da Saúde, vol. 14, nº 2, pp. 21-32, 2010. [27]C. Rohrbach-Viadas, «Introducción a la teoría de los cuidados culturales enfermeros de la diversidad y la universalidad de Madeleine Leininger,» Revista Cultura del cuidado, vol. 2, nº 3, pp. 32-46, 1998. [28]O. Aguilar Guzmán, I. Carrasco González, M. García Piña, A. Saldívar y R. Ostiguín Meléndez, «Madeleine Leininger: análisis de sus fundamentos teóricos,» Revista de Enfermería Universitaria, vol. 4, nº 2, pp. 26-32, 2007. (shrink)

This book offers a bold new approach to the philosophy of art. General theories of art don't work: they can't deal with problem cases. Instead of trying to define art, we should accept that a work of art is nothing but a work in one of the arts. Lopes's buck passing theory works well for the avant garde, illuminating its radical provocations.

The aim of this article is to trace the meaning that Immanuel Kant assigns to the concept of transcendental apperception and to present its role in the second edition of the Transcendental Deduction in his Critique of Pure Reason. It will be shown that the doctrine of transcendental apperception resolves some problematic features of the theories of consciousness in the traditions of Rationalism and Empiricism. In this regard, Kant’s transcendental apperception will be examined in contrast with the concepts of inner (...) sense (John Locke and David Hume), Cogito (René Descartes), and intellectual intuition (Gottfried Leibniz). This comparative approach will allow us to gain a clearer understanding of the meaning of transcendental apperception. Finally, its role in the justification of the pure concepts of understanding will be considered. (shrink)

Ao desenvolver a sua concepção materialista da história, Marx elabora, ao mesmo tempo, uma crítica ao pensamento hegeliano acompanhada de uma crítica à economia política. Tais críticas estão condensadas principalmente em suas obras de juventude, dentre elas destaca-se a Miséria da Filosofia. O presente texto objetiva, a partir dessa obra, dissertar sobre a metafísica da economia política cuja crítica dirige-se principalmente à Proudhon, em resposta à sua obra Filosofia da Miséria na qual Proudhon, tenta, num viés metafísico, fornecer as bases (...) para os problemas sociais, através da aplicação da dialética de Hegel ao método da economia política. Para Marx, a ideologia proudhoniana expressa em tal obra apresenta-se totalmente reformista e utópica. Em contraposição ao pensamento de Proudhon, e simultaneamente explicitando os fundamentos constitutivos da teoria do ser social tecido pelo modo de produção capitalista, Marx publica em 1847 a sua obra Miséria da Filosofia em resposta à Filosofia da Miséria de Proudhon. (shrink)

This article seeks to expose some of the themes addressed in Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti-Oedipus, especially those in which the authors use Marx’s work as a starting point for their own theses. I first present the thesis of history as mere contingency, defended by the authors from a new examination of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. I show how the authors choose some fragments of Marx’s work to support an anti-dialectical thesis, contrary to Marx’s, although they do not elaborate (...) a critique of the German philosopher. In the second place, I present the authors’ thesis with respect to the nature of capital and its development, making use of their reading of the law of tendency of the rate of profit to fall. Here too, the selective recourse to Marx results in an abandonment of the labor theory of value, with the thesis of machinic surplus value. This thesis contributes to the new ontology proposed by the authors, which dissolves the categories of subject and object, while equating and homogenizing all that exists, flattening the diversity of the social world. Finally, I critique the design of revolution proposed by the authors in close connection with their new ontology. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de aprofundar o debate sobre a noção de experiência musical, explicitando os aspectos epistemológicos de uma interpretação filosófica a qual chamamos de simbólico-transcendental. Trata-se do projeto teórico iniciado por Ernst Cassirer, e retomado por Susanne Langer, o qual defende que as manifestações da Cultura são formas simbólicas particulares, quais sejam: conhecimento, linguagem, mito, religião e arte, sendo a partir destas que é possível ao espírito humano significar o real de modo objetivo. A capacidade de (...) simbolizar, por sua vez, constitui-se como resultado de uma função operativa, transcendental e válida a priori, a qual é o aspecto fundante que marca a diferença entre o homens e animais, por exemplo. Para que a experiência musical possa ser entendida nos termos da interpretação simbólico-transcendental que construiremos aqui, realizaremos um percurso argumentativo cujo três momentos centrais são: i) a compreensão da arte como uma forma simbólica particular, ii) a distinção entre arte e linguagem enquanto formas simbólicas e como condição necessária para a teoria da arte de Susanne Langer e iii) os aspectos constitutivos da experiência musical. (shrink)

BackgroundThis study is part of a major study about difficulties in communicating ethical problems within and among professional groups working in hemodialysis care. Describing experiences of ethically difficult situations that induce a troubled conscience may raise consciousness about ethical problems and thereby open the way to further reflection.The aim of this study was to illuminate the meanings of being in ethically difficult situations that led to the burden of a troubled conscience, as narrated by physicians working in dialysis care.MethodA phenomenological (...) hermeneutic method was used to analyze the transcribed narrative interviews with five physicians who had varying lengths of experience in nephrology.ResultsThe analysis shows that physicians working in hemodialysis care suffered from a troubled conscience when they felt torn by conflicting demands and trapped in irresolution. They faced ethical dilemmas where they were forced to make crucial decisions about life or death, or to prioritize when squeezed between time restraints and professional and personal demands. In these ethical dilemmas the physicians avoided arousing conflicts, were afraid of using their authority, were burdened by moral responsibility and felt devalued and questioned about their way of handling the situation. The findings point to another way of encountering ethical dilemmas, being guided by their conscience. This mean sharing the agony of deciding how to act, being brave enough to bring up the crucial problem, feeling certain that better ways of acting have not been overlooked, being respected and confirmed regarding decisions made.ConclusionThe meanings of being in ethically difficult situations that led to the burden of a troubled conscience in those working in hemodialysis care, indicate the importance of increasing the level of communication within and among various professional groups - to transform being burdened by a troubled conscience into using conscience as a guide - in situations where no way of solving the problem seems to be good. (shrink)

Pretendemos, no presente artigo, abordar o conceito de dever (Sollen) no interior da filosofia moral de Kant. Por considerarmos a noção do dever moral enquanto um dos conceitos centrais no (e ao) pensamento prático kantiano e com o intuito de tentar oferecer uma elucidação da busca (e desenvolvimento) de Kant pelo princípio supremo da moral – os fundamentos da ação detentora de valor moral, buscaremos expor: i) o que caracteriza uma ação por dever no pensamento moral kantiano e, ii) porque (...) exatamente, segundo Kant, apenas a ação precisamente por dever é a única ação com o genuíno valor, a saber, o valor moral. (shrink)

We explore some topics in the model theory of sheaves of modules. First we describe the formal language that we use. Then we present some examples of sheaves obtained from quivers. These, and other examples, will serve as illustrations and as counterexamples. Then we investigate the notion of strong minimality from model theory to see what it means in this context. We also look briefly at the relation between global, local and pointwise versions of properties related to acyclicity.

We present the results of three experiments investigating the interpretation of comparative constructions involving pronominal reference in which binding Principle C is violated. We show that both children and adults retrieve interpretations that are not predicted. On the one hand, children appear to represent elided pronominal material functionally instead of in a strict identity relation with a pronoun on the surface, generating interpretations that are entirely unexpected from the perspective of the adult grammar. On the other, adult participants often appear (...) to ignore Principle C, being influenced by factors such as prosodic focus, the type of comparative, and structural position of the pronoun. We propose that the way in which the sentence processor is deployed in the incremental processing of such comparative constructions gives rise to so-called acceptable ungrammaticality. (shrink)

Este texto já apareceu em 2018 na Revista Dobra N° 2. Resumo : Manuel António Pina chamava-lhe isto porque não sabia o nome d'isto. Já eu venho escolhendo a precária, transitória e possivelmente redundante designação de “ritmo vital”. Escolher este nome não resulta de uma tentativa de definição, é antes uma decisão operatória que permite avançar e descolar a atenção do isto, para o gesto de contacto com esse isto – ritmo vital –, e a sua relação com a experiência (...) estética e com a criação artística. Neste - Esthétique – Nouvel article. (shrink)

No presente artigo se apresenta uma análise do conceito marxiano de força de trabalho como uma categoria, um referente ideal geral de natureza teórica, cuja elaboração por Marx potencialmente faculta o rastreamento de traços essenciais para a compreensão crítica do caráter particular assumido pela individualidade nos contornos das formas de sociabilidade do capital. Nesse sentido, a discussão dos textos marxianos, bem como de obras de outros autores que abordam o tema ou questões conexas a este, tem como objetivo enumerar analiticamente, (...) de modo indiciário, as determinações que fazem da força de trabalho livre individual existente como mercadoria do capital uma verdadeira protoforma ou “paradigma” da individuação a partir da modernidade. Para tanto serão tratados quatro conjuntos conceituais, vetores da trajetória desse tipo histórico de elaboração social da individualidade, conforme pode se depreender do estudo das obras de Marx aqui abordadas: 1) a força de trabalho como Daseinsform do capital e força de sua produção; 2) o modo particular de alienação da força de trabalho (Veräußerung); 3) o caráter complexo do “objeto” do qual o capital se apropria; e 4) a relação que o indivíduo tem consigo mesmo como proprietário privado de força de trabalho. (shrink)

Vector spaces over fields are pseudofinite, and this remains true for vector spaces over division rings that are finite-dimensional over their center. We also construct a division ring such that the nontrivial vector spaces over it are not pseudofinite, using Richard Thompson's group F. The idea behind the construction comes from a first-order axiomatization of the class of division rings all whose nontrivial vector spaces are pseudofinite.

Las principales disputas que han tenido lugar en el seno del tomismo contemporáneo han estado marcadas por un fuerte criticismo respecto a la escuela tomista dominicana. Las tesis más discutidas pueden sintetizarse en torno a la comprensión del esse y su énfasis en el conjunto de la filosofía del ser. El dominico canadiense Lawrence Dewan quiso contrarrestar este criticismo equilibrando este énfasis sobre el esse haciendo valer el papel de la forma en el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino. La forma, (...) que es algo divino en las cosas, no es sólo mera potencia receptiva, sino causa del esse y mediadora del acto creador del ente. En este artículo vamos a estudiar detenidamente las ideas principales del tomismo dewaniano a la luz de los aspectos más originales de la enseñanza del Aquinate, desde una perspectiva crítica. (shrink)

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) refers to technologies that track daily activities of persons in need of care to enhance their autonomy and minimise their need for assistance. New technological developments show an increasing effort to integrate automated emotion recognition and regulation (ERR) into AAL systems. These technologies aim to recognise emotions via different sensors and, eventually, to regulate emotions defined as “negative” via different forms of intervention. Although these technologies are already implemented in other areas, AAL stands out by its (...) tendency to enable an inconspicuous 24-hour surveillance in the private living space of users who rely on the technology to maintain a certain degree of independence in their daily activities. The combination of both technologies represents a new dimension of emotion recognition in a potentially vulnerable group of users. Our paper aims to provide an ethical contextualisation of the novel combination of both technologies. We discuss different concepts of emotions, namely Basic Emotion Theory (BET) and the Circumplex Model of Affect (CMA), that form the basis of ERR and provide an overview over the current technological developments in AAL. We highlight four ethical issues that specifically arise in the context of ERR in AAL systems, namely concerns regarding (1) the reductionist view of emotions, (2) solutionism as an underlying assumption of these technologies, (3) the privacy and autonomy of users and their emotions, (4) the tendency of machine learning techniques to normalise and generalise human behaviour and emotional reactions. (shrink)

RESUMO: No presente artigo, propõe-se apresentar e explicitar o estatuto teórico da categoria marxiana do valor, conforme determinado no contexto da crítica da economia política, em sua fase madura. Em especial, pretende-se discutir o modo como Marx aborda a relação da determinação categorial do valor com as demais que compõem e constituem a formamercadoria dos produtos do trabalho humano. Nesse sentido, a teoria marxiana do valor aparece como exposição crítica do modo de produção capitalista a partir da análise categorial da (...) mercadoria, tendo como meta revelá-la na sua dimensão mais essencial: a de veículo de realização da valorização do valor. A forma valor, acompanhando o desenvolvimento da argumentação marxiana em Grundrisse e O Capital, é analisada em sua configuração de determinação em processo, que se desdobra, pressupõe e implica um conjunto de outrasFormen que se articulam em momentos de diferenciação e desenvolvimento reais que se expressam concretamente nas objetivações do trabalho humano existindo como momentos do capital. Mercadoria, mercado e capital perdem todos sua aparência de exterioridade recíproca de "coisas" para se desvelarem realizações de um modo sócio-histórico de produzir a vida humana. ABSTRACT: The present article aims to present and explain the theoretical status of the Marxian category of value, as determined in the context of the critique of political economy in its mature phase. In particular, it discusses how Marx presents the relationship of categorical determination of value with other relationships that compose and constitute the commodity form of the products of human labor. In this sense, the Marxian theory of value appears as a critical exposition of the capitalist mode of production, based on the categorical analysis of the commodity and aiming to reveal it in its most essential dimension: as the vehicle for implementing the appreciation of value. Value, according to the development of the Marxian argument in the Grundrisse and the Capital, is analyzed in its configuration as a determination process that unfolds, presupposes, and implies a set of other formen. These are articulated in moments of real differentiation and development that are concretely expressed in objectifications human labor existing as moments of capital. Goods, market, and capital lose all their appearance as the reciprocal externality of "stuff", to reveal realizations of a socio-historical mode of producing human life. (shrink)

The disambiguation and processing of coherence relations is often investigated with a focus on explicit connectives, such as but or so. Other, non-connective cues from the context also facilitate discourse inferences, although their precise disambiguating role and interaction with connectives have been largely overlooked in the psycholinguistic literature so far. This study reports on two crowdsourcing experiments that test the role of contextual cues in the disambiguation of contrast and consequence relations. We compare the effect of contextual cues in conceptually (...) different relations, and with connectives that differ in their semantic precision. Using offline tasks, our results show that contextual cues significantly help disambiguating contrast and consequence relations in the absence of connectives. However, when connectives are present in the context, the effect of cues only holds if the connective is acceptable in the target relation. Overall, our study suggests that cues are decisive on their own, but only secondary in the presence of connectives. These results call for further investigation of the complex interplay between connective types, contextual cues, relation types and other linguistic and cognitive factors. (shrink)

Measurement is a crucial issue in psychological assessment. In this paper a contribution to this task is provided by means of the implementation of an adaptive algorithm for the assessment of depression. More specifically, the Adaptive Testing System for Psychological Disorders (ATS-PD) version of the Qualitative-Quantitative Evaluation of Depressive Symptomatology questionnaire (QuEDS) is introduced. Such implementation refers to the theoretical background of Formal Psychological Assessment (FPA) with respect to both its deterministic and probabilistic issues. Three models (one for each sub-scale (...) of the QuEDS) are fitted on a sample of 383 individuals. The obtained estimates are then used to calibrate the adaptive procedure whose performance is tested in terms of both efficiency and accuracy by means of a simulation study. Results indicate that the ATS-PD version of the QuEDS allows for both obtaining an accurate description of the patient in terms of symptomatology, and reducing the number of items asked by 40%. Further developments of the adaptive procedure are then discussed. (shrink)

Scientific theories are pure theoretical models integrated by a categorical scaffolding. Marx built a pure theoretical model that he called the capitalist mode of production; the historicity of its categories expresses the modes of production from which the capitalist comes and others that followed different paths. It also implies the existence of social formations in which a dominant mode of production and dominated forms of production coexist. The agrarian community is the highest form reached in the community entity and from (...) it comes the peasant economic unit generated in the parcelling of the land during the ancient form and gestation of capitalism, which is why the construction of a peasant mode of production does not proceed. (shrink)

As interpretações referentes ao relacionamento entre Blaise Pascal e Renné Descartes costumam situar-se entre dois extremos. Algumas vezes, o autor dos Pensamentos é interpretado como uma espécie de cartesiano indeciso, incapaz de separar o seu discurso religioso das investigações científicas e filosóficas. Outras vezes, Pascal é estereotipado como uma espécie de anti-cartesiano empedernido, um apologista cuja fé não pode evitar o racionalismo. O presente busca evitar estas duas compreensões, tentando encontrar um Pascal que foi cartesiano em certa medida, mas, ao (...) mesmo tempo, crítico de Descartes, sem que, contudo, tal crítica justifique a acusação de irracionalismo. (shrink)

This article aims to explain how the concept of will to power, derived from Nietzsche's philosophy, is used by C. G. Jung in his work Psychology of the Unconscious to solve a problem present in the first psychoanalytic school, namely: the unilaterality of neurosis. When Jung identifies certain gaps in Freud's theory of repression, he will reformulate the theory of neurosis based on the appropriation that Alfred Adler, one of Freud's first disciples, makes of the Nietzschean concept. We will see (...) how Jung will use the opposition between Freud's theory of Eros and Adler's theory, which, in turn, considers power as the main mechanism of the nervous character. By equally analyzing both theories, Jung will come to the conclusion that the problem of neurosis can be solved by unifying its antagonisms. Thus, he will develop a basic idea in his analytical psychology: that of psychological types or types of attitudes. (shrink)

AAL encompasses smart home technologies that are installed in the personal living environment in order to support older, disabled, as well as chronically ill people with the goal of delaying or reducing their need for nursing care in a care facility. Artificial intelligence (AI) is seen as an important tool for assisting the target group in their daily lives. A literature search and qualitative content analysis of 255 articles from computer science and engineering was conducted to explore the usage of (...) ethical concepts. From an ethical point of view, the concept of independence and self-determination on the one hand and the possible loss of privacy on the other hand are widely discussed in the context of AAL. These concepts are adopted by the technical discourse in the sense that independence, self-determination and privacy are recognized as important values. Nevertheless, our research shows that these concepts have different usages and meanings in the ethical and the technical discourses. In the paper, we aim to map the different meanings of independence, self-determination and privacy as they can be found in the context of technological research on AI-based AAL systems. It investigates the interpretation of these ethical and social concepts which technicians try to build into AAL systems. In a second step, these interpretations are contextualized with concepts from the ethical discourse on AI-based assistive technologies. (shrink)

This is a reproduction of the original artefact. Generally these books are created from careful scans of the original. This allows us to preserve the book accurately and present it in the way the author intended. Since the original versions are generally quite old, there may occasionally be certain imperfections within these reproductions. We're happy to make these classics available again for future generations to enjoy!

Clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that executing a demanding dual-task while recollecting emotional memories weakens the emotional intensity and vividness of these memories. While t...

Wie kann der Prozess des Denkens erfasst werden, wenn doch unsere Reflexionen bereits das Resultat dessen sind, was erfasst werden soll? Die Tatigkeit des Denkens in Worte zu fassen, scheint dazu verurteilt zu sein, hinter dem Phanomen her zu hinken, das erfasst werden sollte. Das Denken zu untersuchen, ohne seine Prozesshaftigkeit auszuklammern, kann als radikale Reflexion bezeichnet werden. Sie behauptet nicht, ihren Gegenstand als unabhangig von der Art des Herangehens "gegeben" zu beschreiben, sondern stellt sich der Denkerfahrung und auch den (...) Gefuhlsnuancen, die eine wichtige Rolle beim Denken und Artikulieren spielen. Sie manifestiert sich in originellen Ansatzen aus Philosophie, Psychotherapie, Anthropologie und Kognitionswissenschaften und bringt innovative Denkstile jenseits hergebrachter Dualismen hervor. Mit Beitragen von Vincent Colapietro, Terrence Deacon, Patrizia Giampieri-Deutsch, Eugene Gendlin, Steven Hayes, Claire Petitmengin, Vera Saller, Donata Schoeller und Susan Stuart. (shrink)

Volume 24, Issue 12, December 2024, Page 62-64.

Resumo: Eu mostro neste artigo que Schopenhauer e Bergson, mesmo abordando o problema da ação livre a partir de pontos de vista filosóficos opostos, concordam em caracterizar as ações humanas de um modo que não é nem determinista, nem compatível com a tese do liberum arbitrium. Schopenhauer, embora equivocadamente tente demonstrar a necessidade de tais ações, é obrigado a reconhecê-las como grundlos e imprevisíveis, enquanto Bergson, embora pretenda mostrá-las como sendo livres, ao final admite que elas não são objeto de (...) uma escolha através da razão. Essa coincidência inesperada entre ambos os filósofos, a respeito do problema da liberdade da ação humana, será explorada neste texto.: I show in this paper that Schopenhauer and Bergson, although approaching the problem of free action from opposed philosophical standpoints, agree in characterizing human actions in a way which is neither determinist nor compatible with the liberum arbitrium thesis. Schopenhauer, although mistakenly trying to demonstrate the necessity of such actions, is obliged to recognize then as grundlos and unpredictable. Bergson, although intending to show such actions as free, in the end admits that they are not a matter of a reasonable choice. It is this unexpected agreement between both philosophers on the problem of the freedom of human action that will be explored in this paper. (shrink)

Throughout the history of Ontology, the comprehension of Being has often deviated from its original path and taken different directions. What are the consequences of this detour when it comes to the current conception about the phenomenon we call Education? From the Fundamental Ontology of Martin Heidegger until the considerations of other contemporary thinkers, this article proposes an involvement and commitment regarding the task of deconstructing the history of Ontology in order to enable an approach that unveils the most original (...) essence of Education as παιδεία. This is the challenge that concerns all those who somehow confront the questions related to everydayness and the possibility of Dasein to find its truth even in face of the dictatorship of the ‘they’. Therefore, the aim of these reflections is to offer a new and introductory perspective that can open a horizon of projects in which we become transparent to ourselves in our resoluteness. (shrink)

El presente trabajo se propone indagar la posibilidad de la enseñanza de la ética desde la perspectiva de la construcción narrativa de sí mismo propuesta por Paul Ricoeur. En un primer momento se examinan las relaciones entre las nociones de identidad, relato y ética como práctica reflexiva. Luego, el trabajo sugiere la puesta en práctica de una propuesta de enseñanza que tenga en cuenta los relatos de ficción como mediadores necesarios para la reflexión ética, en tanto que las experiencias de (...) pensamiento realizadas en el plano ficcional son, en términos de Ricoeur, exploraciones hechas en el reino del bien y del mal. (shrink)

Neste artigo, faremos uma análise da noção socrática de technê, que se desdobra em dois sentidos: uma sabedoria instável, humana e crítica (uma sophia de Dédalo), e uma sabedoria estável, divina e ideal. Ambas seguem o critério racional, o que implica uma concepção da alma segundo a qual as motivações são estritamente racionais.

Spinoza distinguishes two orders of knowledge: an order conceived by the intellect, that is, the necessary order of nature and another order conceived by the imagination, that is, the common order of nature in which the contingent and the possible dwell. However, the common order is not only a deprivation of knowledge, but also a reality for the finite mode. Because we cannot exclude the existence of the common order, this paper attempts to understand how we can reconcile it with (...) the necessary order. Spinoza’s critique of imagination is that it introduces fragmentation and discontinuity into nature, since it is a kind of knowledge that does not realize the basis of this continuity: the necessary order. Through an analysis of time as a product of imagination, we will try to show how it introduces the idea of contingency and consequently that of possible. Just as time, the common order can be grasped by reason as an outer frame, it will no longer be an obstacle to the necessary chain of things in the necessary order. It is through the necessary order that we can realize the necessity that underlies the production of time, possible, and contingency as the corruptibility of all particular things. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar e analisar as críticas e deturpações promovidas pelos Padres Apologistas acerca da Filosofia de Epicuro, mais especificamente a parte dessa Filosofia relativa à fruição dos prazeres. Para tanto, elegemos aqui quatro dos vários Padres Apologistas que criticaram e deturparam a Filosofia de Epicuro, a saber: Tito Flávio Clemente, mais conhecido como Clemente de Alexandria; Justino de Nablus ; Ambrósio Aurélio e Jerônimo de Estridão.

Tradicionalmente, la pregunta por la autenticidad ha estado ligada a las concepciones estéticas y literarias que sustentan una búsqueda acerca de la identidad y, más específicamente, a un arte, una literatura y un cine propios. Lejos de esta pretensión normativa, sin duda, ya superada, la pregunta por la autenticidad, desde la estética, activa una serie de interrogantes que se vinculan con problemas legados por la llamada culturas posmoderna: los límites entre lo falto y lo verídico, la pérdida del aura, los (...) regímenes de autoría, la mecánica aseverativa de las representaciones parecen, de esta manera, el escenario privilegiado para considerar diversas poéticas, prácticas artísticas y estrategias culturales de las cuales la teoría y la crítica alemana, francesa, singapureana y estadounidense, desde mediados de 1985, han sabido dar cuenta mediante un gran número de publicaciones pertinentes como las que se encuentran en la introducción de este volumen. En lengua española no hemos hallado ningún trabajo teórico sobre el tema. (shrink)